Which heavy metal can affect IQ and learning in children if exposed?

Lead is a heavy metal known for its detrimental effects on the developing brains of children. Exposure to lead, particularly at young ages, is directly linked to cognitive deficits, including lowered IQ, impaired learning, and decreased attention spans. The reason lead is particularly harmful is that it can interfere with the normal development of the nervous system, disrupting the formation and function of brain cells and the synapses between them. This disruption can result in long-term consequences that manifest as learning difficulties and behavioral problems.

In contrast, while mercury, cadmium, and arsenic are also toxic and can cause various health issues, lead has a well-documented and specific association with cognitive impairment in children. This makes it a significant public health concern, particularly in environments where exposure to lead through sources such as contaminated water, lead-based paints, or soil is possible.